Higher Education And Income Inequality: Analyzing The Student Loan Connection - Association between physical activity levels and body composition among healthy elderly Japanese men during a snowy winter: a cross-sectional study
Negativity duration and cycle thresholds in 182 healthcare workers with Covid-19 in Milan, Italy: an observational cohort study
Higher Education And Income Inequality: Analyzing The Student Loan Connection
Open Access Policy Institutional Open Access Program Special Edition Guidelines Editorial Process Research and Publication Ethics Fees for Article Processing Awards References
Wealth Inequality In America Over Time: Key Statistics
All articles published by are immediately made available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of an article published by , including figures and tables. For articles published under the Creative Common CC BY open license, any part of the article may be reused without permission, provided that the original article is clearly cited. More information can be found at https:///openaccess.
The fictional articles represent the most advanced research with significant potential to have a major impact in the field. A feature article should be a comprehensive, original article that covers several techniques or approaches, outlines prospects for future research directions, and describes possible research applications.
Fiction articles are submitted at the individual invitation or recommendation of scientific editors and must receive a positive opinion from reviewers.
Editor's Choice articles are based on the recommendations of scientific journal editors from around the world. The editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be of particular interest to readers or important in a particular research area. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work published in the journal's various research areas.
Pdf) Human Capital And Income Inequality Linkage In Sub Saharan Africa: Panel Data Analysis (1984–2016)
By Jens Klein Jens Klein Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar*, Olaf von dem Knesebeck Olaf von dem Knesebeck Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar and Daniel Lüdecke Daniel Lüdecke Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar
Received: Jul 2, 2020 / Revised: Jul 15, 2020 / Accepted: Jul 20, 2020 / Published: Jul 23, 2020
(This article belongs to the special edition of Health Inequalities in Aging Populations and Impact on Aging Well)
Background: This study examines whether education, income and loneliness are related to physical functioning and optimism in an aging population in Germany. In addition, time trends in physical functioning and optimism as well as associations with social inequalities and loneliness are analyzed. Methods: The German Aging Survey (DEAS), a longitudinal population-based study of people aged 40 years and over (four waves 2008-2017, total sample size N = 23,572) was used. Physical functioning and optimism have been introduced as indicators of good aging. Education level, net equivalent income, and loneliness were used as predictors in linear mixed models for longitudinal data. Results: Time trends show that fitness declines over time, while optimism increases slightly. Education and income are positively related to physical functioning, while greater loneliness correlates with poorer physical functioning. Higher optimism was associated with higher income and, in particular, less loneliness. Income and perceived educational inequalities in physical functioning increase over time. Time trends of associations with optimism show decreasing income inequalities and increasing loneliness disparities. Conclusions: Growing educational inequalities in physical functioning and a strong relationship between loneliness and optimism provide information for further interventions. Targeted health promotion among the elderly and addressing maladjusted social cognition are options to address these issues. Key areas for healthy aging include, for example, adapting health systems to the needs of older populations or creating age-friendly environments.
Genome Wide Analysis Identifies Molecular Systems And 149 Genetic Loci Associated With Income
People in the second half of life represent a significant proportion of the total population, leading to demographic changes in many societies. Thus, the aging of the population is one of the most important public health problems [1, 2]. The popular theoretical model of successful aging by Rowe and Khan includes three main components: avoidance of disability and disease, high cognitive and physical functioning, and social engagement (involvement in social and productive activities) [3]. There are many definitions and indicators of successful aging that indicate high homogeneity [4, 5, 6]. Most of these concepts include physiological aspects (e.g. physical functioning), social involvement (e.g. volunteering), well-being constructs (e.g. life satisfaction) and to a lesser extent personal resources (e.g. resilience) and external factors (e.g. finances) [ 5]. Further conceptualizations emphasize maintaining activity and independence, mental and physical well-being, positive attitude, and the absence of diseases or functional limitations [7]. Studies evaluating lay people's perspectives have shown that psychosocial components are becoming more and more important and there is a need to take into account the components of physical and mental/emotional health [7, 8]. There is a wide variety of terms used in the context of the concept of good aging, including successful aging, active aging, healthy aging, positive aging, productive aging and competent aging [9]. Following Kendig et al. [7] we use the more neutral and universal term "aging well".
Numerous studies have shown significant associations between socio-economic status (SES) - assessed on the basis of education, income (or wealth) and professional position - and morbidity or mortality [10, 11]. Even in modern welfare states, lower education, income and occupational status predict poorer health outcomes in terms of the social gradient - the higher the SES, the higher the health status and life expectancy. This also applies to studies among the elderly in many European countries [12, 13, 14]. Material, psychosocial and behavioral factors contribute to explaining social inequalities in health [15]. Various studies have shown positive associations between SES and physical functioning or indicators of good aging among older populations in different countries [14, 16, 17, 18], while others have shown limited evidence [7, 19]. In addition, three theoretical assumptions about aging and health inequalities are of particular interest [20, 21]. The cumulative theory posits that the health impact of SES steadily increases with age, leading to a cumulative disadvantage. The age-as-leveller hypothesis, on the other hand, implies that social disparities in health decline in old age, leading to convergence of status groups, while the continuity hypothesis states that earlier life inequities persist into the second half of life. A German cross-sectional study examined these hypotheses against physical and functional limitations and found continuity regarding educational and income inequalities [21]. A European panel study showed the accumulation of educational inequalities and physical functioning [22]. Longitudinal analyzes in the Netherlands have shown socioeconomic inequalities (education, income and occupational status) in successful aging rates with only few changes over time [16], while some previous Dutch studies have indicated age-related accumulation and continuity. In the 55–70 age group, educational and income inequalities in physical functioning increased, while these differences did not differ in people aged 70 and older [23]. Studies examining inequities in optimism among older populations suggest differences, but there are few studies [24, 25]. Overall, addressing social inequalities in aging research remains an important issue [26].
In addition, there is ample evidence of loneliness and its correlations with physical and mental health, but its health effects are not fully understood [27]. Studies have shown that loneliness is significantly associated with the deterioration of functioning among the elderly [27, 28, 29]. A recent study showed significant links between loneliness and physical and mental functioning in an aging population [30]. De Jong Gierveld et al. [31, 32] developed a popular scale of loneliness and conceptualized loneliness as "a subjective, cognitive assessment of an individual in terms of their participation in social life or social isolation, in relation to the standards adopted for optimal embedding in a social network" [31]. It occurs when the number of relationships established is less than desired and it is important to distinguish between subjective feelings of loneliness and more objective social isolation, which mainly refers to the lack of relationships with other people. Information on long-term associations with good aging is lacking in Germany, and social and spatial distancing in the context of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic suggests an increased importance of solitude, especially for the elderly [33]. Research on further predictors of good aging varies [7, 8, 17, 19, 34, 35]. For example, factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, objective and subjective health outcomes, health behaviors, social contacts and volunteering have also been shown to be associated with good ageing.
The measures that describe aging well in this study were physical functioning and optimism, which indicate a positive attitude as a source of mental health. The aim of the study was to investigate whether two established indicators of social inequality (education and income) are related to physical functioning and optimism among the aging population in Germany in a longitudinal perspective. In addition, inequality trends were analyzed against three theoretical assumptions (cumulation, age equalization and continuity). In addition, the assessment of loneliness was introduced as a predictive factor and trend analyzes were conducted analogously.
Global State Of Education Related Inequality In Covid 19 Vaccine Coverage, Structural Barriers, Vaccine Hesitancy, And Vaccine Refusal: Findings From The Global Covid 19 Trends And Impact Survey
This study is based on data from the publicly published German Aging Study (DEAS), provided by the Research Data Center of the German Center for Gerontology (DZA) [36]. The population study began in 1996 and included people aged 40 and over, i.e. in the "second half of life" [37]. Subsequent waves of data collection took place in 2002, 2008, 2011, 2014 and 2017.
Student loan for higher education, ky higher education student loan corporation, higher education act student loan forgiveness, michigan higher education student loan authority, higher education student loan board, gender inequality and higher education, kentucky higher education student loan corp, higher education student loan phone number, income inequality and education, higher education student loan, ky higher education student loan, kentucky higher education student loan
0 Comments